Experience-dependent de novo myelination may fine-tune activated circuits by promoting brain synchrony, important for memory consolidation. Steadman et al. find that blocking this form of adaptive myelination prevents learning-induced increases in coordinated activity and impairs memory consolidation.

Najafi et al. studied selectivity of mouse excitatory and inhibitory neurons during decision-making. Selectivity is equally strong in the two cell types and emerges gradually during learning. These data, along with theoretical models, argue that selective subnetworks support decision-making.

Pharmacological treatment with antiepileptic medications (AEDs) in epilepsy is associated with a variety of neurocognitive side effects. However, the mechanisms underlying these side effects, and why certain brain anatomies are more affected still remain poorly understood. Advanced functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods, such as pharmaco-fMRI, can investigate medication-related effects on brain activities using task and resting state fMRI and showing reproducible activation and deactivation patterns.… Read More...

Background and Purpose: The role of intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis in modern endovascular therapy is not well-understood. Here, we surveyed neurointerventionalists to understand their current clinical practices and opinions of IA thrombolysis in the new era of mechanical thrombectomy (MT).

Method: A 24-question anonymous survey was distributed via email to the members of the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology.… Read More...

Objective: The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a new marker of atherosclerotic inflammation and has been identified as a predictive factor in cardiovascular diseases, but its significance in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) who have undergone intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is still unknown.… Read More...

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) manifests itself as a paroxysm of vertigo and nystagmus lasting several seconds, which is self-limiting. The clinical characteristics and risk factors for the recurrence of BPPV in different ages have not yet been investigated.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Neurology in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from July 2009 to June 2015.… Read More...

Objective: The purpose of this research was to study the safety and efficacy of intrasinus thrombolysis in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis unresponsive to conventional heparin therapy.

Methods: A total of 156 CVST patients were treated using interventional thrombolysis in our center from January 2010 to June 2018.… Read More...

Introduction: The TuberOus SClerosis registry to increase disease Awareness (TOSCA) is an international disease registry designed to provide insights into the clinical characteristics of patients with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC). The aims of this study were to identify issues that arose during the design, execution, and publication phases of TOSCA, and to reflect on lessons learnt that may guide future registries in rare and complex diseases.… Read More...

Traumatic brain injury, a common cause of acquired epilepsy, is typical to find necrotic cell death within the injury core. The dynamic changes in astrocytes surrounding the injury core contribute to epileptic seizures associated with intense neuronal firing. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that activate astrocytes during traumatic brain injury or the effect of functional changes of astrocytes on seizures.… Read More...

Phenocopy frontotemporal dementia (phFTD) shares core characteristics with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), yet without associated cognitive deficits and brain abnormalities on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and without progression. Using advanced MRI techniques, we previously observed subtle structural and functional brain changes in phFTD similar to bvFTD.… Read More...