Today, we’re delving into a topic that touches millions of lives but is still too often misunderstood: traumatic brain injury (TBI) and […]
Cognition After Traumatic Brain Injury: Rethinking Recovery, Complexity, and Hope Read Post »
The connection between repeated head trauma and long-term health issues has gained significant attention in recent years, especially among athletes
Exploring the Complex Impact of Repeated Head Trauma in Contact Sports: Beyond CTE Read Post »
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI), commonly referred to as a concussion, has been a growing focus in neurology due to
The Role of the IMPACT Test in Concussion Screening and Treatment Planning Read Post »
The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) includes criteria for Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (NCD) due to
Caffeine appears to have a complex relationship with concussion recovery and post-concussion syndrome (PCS). Based on the available research, here
Caffeine and Concussion Recovery: Benefits, Drawbacks, and Recommendations Read Post »
This article presents a comprehensive overview of the classification systems for traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and related syndromes, including Concussion, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) severity, Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS), and Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome (TES)/Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). The classifications range from grading systems like the Nelson Grading System for concussions, which categorizes injuries based on symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, and loss of consciousness (LOC), to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) for assessing TBI severity through cognitive responsiveness. Furthermore, the article delves into the diagnostic criteria for PCS and TES/CTE, emphasizing the importance of recognizing symptom duration and neuropathological findings. These classification systems play a crucial role in guiding the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of TBIs, highlighting the nuanced approach required to manage these complex conditions effectively.
Join Dr. Mavroudis, a consultant neurologist, as we explore the fascinating changes in personality traits often observed in postconcussion syndrome.
Unraveling the Mystery Personality Traits in PostConcussion syndrome Read Post »
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), particularly mild TBIs, present a complex diagnostic challenge due to their subtle manifestations and the broad spectrum of potential long-term consequences, including post-concussion syndrome (PCS) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The search for reliable diagnostic markers has led to the exploration of salivary biomarkers as a non-invasive, cost-effective means of detecting TBIs and assessing their severity. This review examines the role of salivary biomarkers—S100B, Neurofilament Light Chain (NfL), microRNAs (miRNAs), and Extracellular Vesicles (EVs)—in the diagnosis of TBIs and PCS. Elevated levels of S100B are associated with brain damage, suggesting its potential as an indicator of TBI. NfL, a marker of axonal injury, offers insights into the severity of neural damage. Altered miRNA profiles in saliva can reflect changes in gene expression related to neural injury, providing a molecular signature of TBI and PCS. Furthermore, EVs carry a cargo reflective of cellular and molecular changes post-injury, serving as a promising diagnostic tool. This review highlights the emerging significance of these salivary biomarkers in the early detection and management of TBIs, underscoring the need for further research to validate their clinical utility and integrate them into standard diagnostic protocols.
Salivary biomarkers in Post-concussion syndrome Read Post »
