Kearney et al. used behavioral and optogenetic methods in singing birds to distinguish neural pathways that evaluate song performance from downstream premotor circuits that are guided by these evaluations to learn new vocal behaviors.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are a promising therapeutic intervention for stroke. The involvement of the anti-inflammatory effects of HDACi in their neuroprotection has been reported, but the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. Because post-stroke inflammation is a time-dependent process starting with acute and intense inflammation and followed by prolonged and mild inflammation, we proposed whether targeting the early inflammatory response could achieve the neuroprotection of HDACi.… Read More...

Background: Functional upper extremity (UE) motion enables humans to execute activities of daily living (ADLs). There currently exists no universal language to systematically characterize this type of motion or its fundamental building blocks, called primitives. Without a standardized classification approach, pooling mechanistic knowledge and unpacking rehabilitation content will remain challenging.… Read More...

Background: In contrast to many neuroimaging modalities, clinical interpretation of EEG does not take advantage of post-processing and digital signal analysis. In most centers, EEG is still interpreted at sensor level, exactly as half a century ago. A major task in clinical EEG interpretation is the identification of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs).… Read More...

Background: Metastatic spread into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) represents a severe complication of malignant disease with poor prognosis. Although early diagnosis is crucial, broad spectrums of clinical manifestations and pitfalls of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CSF diagnostics can be challenging.… Read More...

PLA2G6 has been certified as a causative gene in patients with autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson’s disease (EOPD). We reported an EOPD case caused by PLA2G6 gene mutation, and performed neurological examination, genetic analysis and multimodal neuroimaging to describe this phenotype. A compound heterozygous mutation c.991GT/c.1472+1GA was detected in this patient.… Read More...

Background: Impaired postural balance is a common symptom after stroke and a common cause of falling. Arm and hand movements are used in most common daily tasks. Impairment in an upper extremity is a common symptom that affects 50-80% in the acute phase after stroke, and 40-50% in the sub-acute phase.… Read More...

Background: Impaired postural balance is a common symptom after stroke and a common cause of falling. Arm and hand movements are used in most common daily tasks. Impairment in an upper extremity is a common symptom that affects 50-80% in the acute phase after stroke, and 40-50% in the sub-acute phase.… Read More...

Background: A predictive model can provide physicians, relatives, and patients the accurate information regarding the severity of disease and its predicted outcome. In this study, we used an automated machine-learning-based approach to construct a prognostic model to predict the functional outcome in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).… Read More...