Hu et al. show that corticotectal pyramidal neurons in the mouse anterior cingulate cortex exert powerful top-down modulation of visually guided behavior and visual cortical responses through collateral projections to two subcortical targets: the motor layers of the superior colliculus and pulvinar thalamus.… Read More...

Weitz et al. find that thalamic input to ventrolateral orbital cortex can result in widespread decreases in brain activity. Zona incerta mediates this effect. These findings help explain how VLO supports diverse sensory and cognitive processes.

There is currently no treatment for restoring lost neurological function after stroke. A growing number of studies have highlighted the potential of stem cells. However, the mechanisms underlying their beneficial effect have yet to be explored in sufficient detail. In this study, we transplanted human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural precursors (iPSC-NPs) in rat temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model.… Read More...

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, space-flight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS), and glaucoma are conditions that are among a spectrum of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-related ophthalmologic disease. This implies that local CSF pressures at the level of the optic nerve are involved to variable extent in these disease processes.… Read More...

High frequency oscillations (HFOs) are traditional biomarkers to identify the epileptogenic tissue during presurgical evaluation in pharmacoresistant epileptic patients. Recently, the resection of brain tissue exhibiting coupling between the amplitude of HFOs and the phase of low frequencies demonstrated a more favorable surgical outcome.… Read More...

Imaging protocols for acute ischemic stroke varies significantly from center to center leading to challenges in research translation. We aimed to assess the inter-rater reliability of collateral grading systems derived from dynamic computed tomography angiography (CTA) and an optimized multiphase CTA and, to analyze the association of the two CTA modalities with CT perfusion (CTP) compartments by comparing the accuracy of dynamic CTA (dCTA) and optimized multiphase CTA (omCTA) in identifying CT perfusion (CTP) target mismatch patients.… Read More...

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Introduction: Few studies have examined the motor, cognitive, and emotional factors involved in effective money management in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to assess money management in persons MS and examine whether cognitive, motor, and emotional processes can predict money management.… Read More...

Background and Purpose: Whether patients with both lobar and deep cerebral microbleeds (mixed CMB) have advanced cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), hypertensive angiopathy (HA) or both is uncertain. To get insight into the underlying small vessel disease (SVD) associated with mixed CMB, we explored its association with cortical superficial siderosis (cSS), a key marker of CAA and other MRI markers of SVD in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).… Read More...

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common neurological insult and leads to long-lasting cognitive impairments. The immune system modulates brain functions and plays a key role in cognitive deficits, however, the relationship between TBI-induced changes in inflammation-related cytokine levels and cognitive consequences is unclear.… Read More...